The Micro-climate Identification Initiative: A Project of the Kootenay Society for Sustainable Living

Micro-Climates

Micro-climates are as diverse as the crops we’re each growing in our gardens. At Future Heirlooms, we’ve identified that our micro-climate is especially unique compared to the surrounding areas; consistently 5 degrees Celsius colder overnight. As a result, we experience more frost and more extreme highs and lows throughout our growing season compared to growers 10 or even 5 minutes away!

This data is extremely valuable in helping us plan our garden design, and critical to correctly timing when crops will be safe to transplant and when they must be ready for harvest to beat a killing frost.

It also guides us when choosing crops and even crop varieties to grow for continued research and acclimatization. For example, soft leafed crops like tomatoes and squash will not survive our micro-climate without a protective mini-greenhouse to shield from the frost; which can, after collecting data for 3 years at this location, surprise us any day of the growing season!

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Keeping Track

One of the most valuable tools we can use to help identify and understand a specific micro-climate is to track daily high and low temperatures and keep a log of the results. This data can be used to accurately track frost dates, average temperatures for each month, and extreme events that may have had a significant impact on our crops.

In most cases, gardeners will find that their specific high/low temperatures vary greatly from the regional forecast.

Following regional frost date averages and planting timing guides is a good place to start, but if you want to avoid losing those new seedlings to a surprise frost, plant a crop that won’t have a chance to make it to maturity, or select a crop that requires a minimum of overnight warmth to thrive, it’s a great idea to find out as much as you can about your specific micro-climate, and plan accordingly!

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Top Bar Beehives

At Future Heirlooms, we’ve taken climate data collection to another level, and started using a digital data logger called Sensor Push which records temperature and humidity every 60 seconds 24/7 - 365 days a year! The data is displayed in a graph on our smart devices for live viewing, and also supports export in to spreadsheets for a more detailed analysis.

We now can very easily keep track of not only the highs and lows of the day, but also the peaks and valleys throughout the day, and for how long we maintain temperatures during the day and at night. For example, our Min/Max thermometer tells us we reached 35c, but doesn’t tell us anything about how hot the day was overall. Our Sensor Push device will show us we maintained 30c+ for 5 hours with the peak reaching 35c for 1 hour, and in addition it tells us when it was most warm during the day which helps us plan watering, transplanting, and other garden tasks we may want to complete before the peak heat of the day.

Why is this level of detail important? Let’s say we head out to the garden and see frost, which would indicate we are close to freezing, but we want to know how long we were at this low temperature. The data logger will show us when the temperature dipped below 5c and show us how long we maintained this temperature. There is a big difference between a quick dip below zero and some light frost at 6am, versus a drop below zero at midnight and a sustained freeze for 6 hours. Potatoes would show frost damage from sustained freezing, yet would be perfectly fine with a temporary light frost. Or perhaps we saw no frost at all because we didn’t reach the garden before sunshine melted it; our data would show we dropped below zero and we could safely assume we did have a light frost.

Observation and experience in the garden is one of the most important factors in learning a micro-climate, however we can use technology to observe the things we aren’t able to see or that we aren’t present to observe first hand.

The air temperature data can also be an indicator of soil temperatures throughout the day. Soil temperatures contribute directly to the kinds of crops we can successfully grow, and to the microbe activity in our soil crucial to nutrient availability and biodiversity needed for healthy soils.

Specific challenges we face at Future Heirlooms due to our especially cold micro-climate include slower plant growth, lower nutrient availability due to dormant microbes in the soil, risk of frost during the entire growing season, and kill frosts as early as late August. These challenges limit our options of crops to only the fastest, and more cold/frost hardy we can find, and restricts many crops to being grown inside greenhouses(tomatoes, squash, beans etc.)